Автор:Ralph V. Turner Год: 2009 Издание: [не указанo] Страниц: 240 ISBN: 0752448501 Before his death in 1216, King John's desperate exploitation of his subjects for ever more money had turned him into the mythical monster of Hollywood legend. In contrast to his brother Richard, he appeared incompetent in battle, failing to defend Normandy (1202–04), and was unsuccessful in recovering his lost lands in 1214. A continuing crisis was a constant need for money, forcing John to drain England of funds for campaigns in France, demanding unlawful and oppressive new taxes. Adding to his evil reputation was an ill-tempered personality and a streak of pettiness or spitefulness that led him to monstrous acts, including murdering his own nephew. King John’s unpopularity culminated in a final crisis, a revolt by the English baronage, 1215–16, aimed at subjecting him to the rule of law, that resulted in his grant of Magna Carta.
