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Автор: Jesse Russell
Год: 2013
Издание:
Книга по Требованию
Страниц: 122
ISBN: 9785508585518
High Quality Content by WIKIPEDIA articles! The four occupations or "four categories of the people" (simplified Chinese: ????; traditional Chinese: ???? ) was a hierarchic social class structure developed in ancient China by either Confucian or Legalist scholars as far back as the late Zhou Dynasty and is considered a central part of the Fengjian social structure (c. 1046–256 BCE). In descending order, these were the shi (gentry scholars), the nong (peasant farmers), the gong (artisans and craftsmen), and the shang (merchants and traders). These broad categories were more an idealization than a practical reality. This was due to commercialization of Chinese society in the Song and Ming periods, blurring the lines between these four hierarchic social distinctions. The system also did not figure in all other social groups present in premodern Chinese society. The definition of the identity of the shi class changed over time as well, from an ancient warrior caste, to an aristocratic...
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